If I understand you have another hard drive "F" which you want to clone you main "C" drive to, then switch and boot from the new drive (old "F" drive).
Yes you can, I assume you are running Windows 7 as that is where you posted this:
You will need software to do this. One of the "Free" ones out there is:
https://www.ubackup.com/free-backup-software.html